PHP null

$emptyVariable = null;
$alsoEmpty = NULL; // Valid, but not recommended

$var = null;

// Strict comparison (Recommended)
// Evaluates to true ONLY if $var is exactly null
$var === null; 

// Built-in type checking function
// Functionally identical to strict comparison
is_null($var); 

// Loose comparison (Not recommended for null checks)
// Evaluates to true for null, false, 0, 0.0, "", and []
$var == null; 

$var = null;

$asBool   = (bool) $var;   // Evaluates to: false
$asInt    = (int) $var;    // Evaluates to: 0
$asFloat  = (float) $var;  // Evaluates to: 0.0
$asString = (string) $var; // Evaluates to: "" (empty string)
$asArray  = (array) $var;  // Evaluates to: [] (empty array)

$value = $uninitializedVar ?? 'fallback'; 

$var ??= 'assigned_because_null';

// PHP 8.0+
$result = $object?->method();