Swift String

let scalar: String = "\u{E9}" // é (Single scalar)
let combined: String = "e\u{301}" // e + ´ (Two scalars, one grapheme cluster)

// Both evaluate to a count of 1 Character
print(scalar.count == combined.count) // true

let text = "Swift"

// Accessing the first character
let firstChar = text[text.startIndex]

// Calculating an offset index
let thirdIndex = text.index(text.startIndex, offsetBy: 2)
let thirdChar = text[thirdIndex] // 'i'

// Safe traversal using indices
let range = text.index(text.startIndex, offsetBy: 1)..<text.endIndex
let substring = text[range] // "wift"

let fullString = "Developer"
let prefix = fullString.prefix(3) // Type: Substring
let newString = String(prefix)    // Type: String (allocates new memory buffer)

let standard = "Standard literal"

let multiline = """
    This is a multiline string literal.
    Indentation is determined by the position of the closing quotes.
    """

let version = 5.9
let interpolated = "Swift version \(version)"

let raw = #"A raw string can contain "quotes" and \backslashes without escaping."#

// Interpolation inside a raw string requires matching the delimiter count
let rawInterpolated = #"Value: \#(version)"#