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A pointer receiver method in Go is a function bound to a specific type where the receiver argument is passed as a memory address (*T) rather than a copied value (T). This mechanism serves two primary technical purposes: it allows the method to mutate the underlying data of the original instance, and it avoids the memory and performance overhead of copying the receiver value on every method call, which is critical for efficiency when working with large structs.

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Syntax

The receiver is declared between the func keyword and the method name, denoted by an asterisk (*) preceding the type name. 
type Counter struct {
    value int
}

// Pointer receiver method
func (c *Counter) Increment() {
    c.value++ // Modifies the original Counter instance
}

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Technical Mechanics

Automatic Referencing and Dereferencing Go provides syntactic sugar for invoking pointer receiver methods. You do not need to explicitly pass a pointer or dereference the struct fields.
  1. Calling on a Value: If you invoke a pointer receiver method on an addressable value v of type T, Go automatically references it as (&v).
  2. Field Access: Inside the method, accessing c.value is implicitly evaluated as (*c).value.
count := Counter{value: 0}

// Go automatically translates this to (&count).Increment()
count.Increment()
Note: Automatic referencing only works if the value is addressable. You cannot invoke a pointer receiver method on an unaddressable value, such as a literal or the direct return value of a function. Method Sets and Interface Satisfaction In Go’s type system, the method set of a type determines the interfaces it implements.
  • The method set of a pointer type *T includes methods with both value receivers (T) and pointer receivers (*T).
  • The method set of a value type T includes only methods with value receivers (T).
If an interface requires a method that is implemented with a pointer receiver, a value of type T will not satisfy the interface; only a pointer *T will satisfy it. 
type Mutator interface {
    Increment()
}

var _ Mutator = &Counter{} // Compiles: *Counter satisfies Mutator
// var _ Mutator = Counter{}  // Compiler Error: Counter does not implement Mutator
Nil Pointer Receivers Unlike many object-oriented languages that throw null reference exceptions, Go permits calling methods on a nil pointer receiver. The method will execute, and it is the responsibility of the method implementation to handle the nil state to avoid a panic when attempting to dereference fields. 
func (c *Counter) SafeIncrement() {
    if c == nil {
        return // Gracefully handle nil receiver
    }
    c.value++
}

var c *Counter // c is nil
c.SafeIncrement() // Executes without panicking
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