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The any() built-in function evaluates an iterable and returns True if at least one element within the iterable evaluates to a truthy value. If the iterable is empty or all elements evaluate to a falsy value, it returns False. 
any(iterable)

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Parameters

  • iterable: Any Python object capable of returning its members one at a time, such as a list, tuple, set, dict, str, or generator.

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Mechanics and Short-Circuit Evaluation

Under the hood, any() applies Python’s standard truth value testing (bool()) to each element. It utilizes short-circuit evaluation, meaning it halts iteration and returns True the exact moment it encounters the first truthy element. It does not evaluate the remainder of the iterable. The underlying logic is equivalent to the following Python model: 
def any_equivalent(iterable):
    for element in iterable:
        if element:
            return True
    return False

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Truthy vs. Falsy Evaluation

To understand any(), you must understand Python’s falsy values. any() will only return False if the iterable is empty or consists entirely of the following falsy objects:
  • Constants: None and False
  • Numeric zeros: 0, 0.0, 0j, Decimal(0), Fraction(0, 1)
  • Empty sequences and collections: "", (), [], {}, set(), range(0)

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Evaluation Behavior

Standard Iterables 
any([0, False, "", None])  # Returns False (all elements are falsy)
any([0, False, 1, None])   # Returns True (1 is truthy; short-circuits at 1)
any([])                    # Returns False (iterable is empty)
Dictionaries When passed a dictionary, any() evaluates the dictionary’s keys, not its values, because standard dictionary iteration yields keys. 

# Evaluates keys: 0 and "" (both falsy)
any({0: "Truthy Value", "": "Another Truthy Value"})  # Returns False


# To evaluate values, you must explicitly call .values()
any({0: "Truthy Value", "": "Another Truthy Value"}.values())  # Returns True
Generators Because of short-circuit evaluation, any() consumes a generator only up to the first truthy value. The generator’s state is preserved for subsequent calls. 
gen = (x for x in [0, 0, 1, 0, 2])

print(any(gen))  # Returns True (stops after consuming 0, 0, 1)
print(list(gen)) # Returns [0, 2] (the remaining unconsumed elements)
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